能源化学(英文版)

能源化学(英文) ›› 2013, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 226-240.

• Reviews • 上一篇    下一篇

Carbon/carbon supercapacitors

Elzbieta Frackowiak, Qamar Abbas, François Béguin   

  1. Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
  • 收稿日期:2012-12-26 修回日期:2013-02-18 出版日期:2013-03-20 发布日期:2013-04-04
  • 通讯作者: François Béguin
  • 作者简介:Elzbieta Frackowiak is a Professor in the Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry at Poznan University of Technology, Poland. Her research interests are especially devoted to storage/ conversion of energy in electrochemical capacitors, Li-ion batteries, fuel cells. Main topics: application of activated carbon materials for supercapacitors and hydrogen storage, use of composite electrodes from nanotubes, conducting polymers, doped carbons and transition metal oxides for supercapacitors. She serves as Chair of Division 3 “Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage” of the International Society of Electrochemistry (2009-2014). She was the winner of the Foundation for Polish Science Prize (2011). She is author of 150 publications, a few chapters and tens of patents and patent applications. Number of citations ca. 6370, Hirsch index 37.
  • 基金资助:
    The Foundation for Polish Science is acknowledged for supporting the ECOLCAP Project realized within the WELCOME program, co-financed from European Union Regional Development Fund.

Carbon/carbon supercapacitors

Elzbieta Frackowiak, Qamar Abbas, François Béguin   

  1. Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
  • Received:2012-12-26 Revised:2013-02-18 Online:2013-03-20 Published:2013-04-04
  • Supported by:
    The Foundation for Polish Science is acknowledged for supporting the ECOLCAP Project realized within the WELCOME program, co-financed from European Union Regional Development Fund.

摘要： Supercapacitors, or electrochemical capacitors, are a power storage system applied for harvesting energy and delivering pulses during short periods of time. The commercially available technology is based on charging an electrical double-layer (EDL), and using high surface area carbon electrodes in an organic electrolyte. This review first presents the state-of-the-art on EDL capacitors, with the objective to better understand their operating principles and to improve their performance. In particular, it is shown that capacitance might be enhanced for carbons having subnanometric pores where ions of the electrolyte are distorted and partly desolvated. Then, strategies for using environment friendly aqueous electrolytes are presented. In this case, the capacitance can be enhanced through pseudo-faradaic contributions involving i) surface functional groups on carbons, ii) hydrogen electrosorption, and iii) redox reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The most promising system is based on the use of aqueous alkali sulfate as electrolyte allowing voltages as high as 2 V to be reached, due to the high overpotential for di-hydrogen evolution at the negative electrode.

关键词: supercapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, porous carbons, electrolytes, pore size, pseudocapacitance

Abstract: Supercapacitors, or electrochemical capacitors, are a power storage system applied for harvesting energy and delivering pulses during short periods of time. The commercially available technology is based on charging an electrical double-layer (EDL), and using high surface area carbon electrodes in an organic electrolyte. This review first presents the state-of-the-art on EDL capacitors, with the objective to better understand their operating principles and to improve their performance. In particular, it is shown that capacitance might be enhanced for carbons having subnanometric pores where ions of the electrolyte are distorted and partly desolvated. Then, strategies for using environment friendly aqueous electrolytes are presented. In this case, the capacitance can be enhanced through pseudo-faradaic contributions involving i) surface functional groups on carbons, ii) hydrogen electrosorption, and iii) redox reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The most promising system is based on the use of aqueous alkali sulfate as electrolyte allowing voltages as high as 2 V to be reached, due to the high overpotential for di-hydrogen evolution at the negative electrode.

Key words: supercapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, porous carbons, electrolytes, pore size, pseudocapacitance