Journal of Energy Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (1): 547-556.DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2022.09.050

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Achieving high-capacity and long-life K+ storage enabled by constructing yolk-shell Sb2S3@N, S-doped carbon nanorod anodes

Bensheng Xiaoa,1, Hehe Zhanga,1, Zhefei Suna, Miao Lia, Yingzhu Fane, Haichen Linc, Haodong Liuc, Bing Jiangd, Yanbin Shene, Ming-Sheng Wanga, Meicheng Lid, Qiaobao Zhanga,b,*   

  1. aDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
    bFujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China;
    cDepartment of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States;
    dState Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;
    ei-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2022-09-21 Revised:2022-09-30 Accepted:2022-09-30 Published:2023-01-10
  • Contact: *E-mail address: zhangqiaobao@xmu.edu.cn (Q. Zhang).
  • About author:1These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract: As promising anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs), antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) possesses high specific capacity but suffers from massive volume expansion and sluggish kinetics due to the large K+ insertion, resulting in inferior cycling and rate performance. To address these challenges, a yolk-shell structured Sb2S3 confined in N, S co-doped hollow carbon nanorod (YS-Sb2S3@NSC) working as a viable anode for PIBs is proposed. As directly verified by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the buffer space between the Sb2S3 core and thin carbon shell can effectively accommodate the large expansion stress of Sb2S3 without cracking the shell and the carbon shell can accelerate electron transport and K+ diffusion, which plays a significant role in reinforcing the structural stability and facilitating charge transfer. As a result, the YS-Sb2S3@NSC electrode delivers a high reversible K+ storage capacity of 594.58 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and a long cycle life with a slight capacity degradation (0.01% per cycle) for 2000 cycles at 1 A g-1 while maintaining outstanding rate capability. Importantly, utilizing in in situ/ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations, the origins of performance enhancement and K+ storage mechanism of Sb2S3 were clearly elucidated. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of high-performance and durable transition metal sulfides-based anodes for PIBs.

Key words: Antimony sulfide, Yolk-shell structure, In situ TEM, Potassium-ion batteries, Super-stable cyclability