Journal of Energy Chemistry

Journal of Energy Chemistry ›› 2023, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (1): 576-600.DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2022.09.020

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Interfacial design of silicon/carbon anodes for rechargeable batteries: A review

Quanyan Mana,c, Yongling Ana, Chengkai Liua, Hengtao Shena, Shenglin Xiongb, Jinkui Fenga,c,*   

  1. aKey Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China;
    bSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China;
    cShenzhen Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2022-07-12 Revised:2022-08-29 Accepted:2022-09-09 Published:2023-01-10
  • Contact: *E-mail address: jinkui@sdu.edu.cn (J. Feng).
  • About author:Quanyan Man is a Master student under the supervision of Professor Jinkui Feng at Shandong University. He got his B. Eng degree from Guangxi University. His research focuses on silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion battery.
    Yongling An is a PhD student under the supervision of Professor Jinkui Feng at Shandong University. His current research focuses on high energy density and high safety battery systems. He has published in Mater. Today, Adv. Funct. Mater., Nano Today, Nano energy, ACS Nano, Energy Storage Mater., etc.
    Chengkai Liu is a Master student under the supervision of Professor Jinkui Feng at Shandong University. He received his bachelor’s degree from Sichuan University. His current research focuses on hydrogel electrolyte for zinc-ion battery. He has published in Chem. Eng. J. Hengtao Shen is a Master student under the supervision of Professor Jinkui Feng at Shandong University. He received his B. Eng degree from University of Jinan. His current research focuses on two-dimensional materials for energy storage.
    Jinkui Feng is currently a professor at Shandong University in China. He also conducted research on solid state batteries as a research fellow at National University of Singapore between 2008 and 2011. He received his B.S. (2003) in physical chemistry and Ph.D. (2008) in electrochemistry at Wuhan University, China. His current research interests are focused on high energy density electrode materials, non-flammable electrolytes and MXenes for sustainable energy storage. He published over 200 refereed papers in Adv. Mater., Energy Environ. Sci., Adv. Energy Mater., Nano Today, Nano Energy, ACS Nano., Energy Storage. Mater., etc.

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Abstract: Silicon (Si) has been studied as a promising alloying type anode for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity, low operating potential and abundant resources. Nevertheless, huge volume expansion during alloying/dealloying processes and low electronic conductivity of Si anodes restrict their electrochemical performance. Thus, carbon (C) materials with special physical and chemical properties are applied in Si anodes to effectively solve these problems. This review focuses on current status in the exploration of Si/C anodes, including the lithiation mechanism and solid electrolyte interface formation, various carbon sources in Si/C anodes, such as traditional carbon sources (graphite, pitch, biomass), and novel carbon sources (MXene, graphene, MOFs-derived carbon, graphdiyne, etc.), as well as interfacial bonding modes of Si and C in the Si/C anodes. Finally, we summarize and prospect the selection of carbonaceous materials, structural design and interface control of Si/C anodes, and application of Si/C anodes in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries et al. This review will help researchers in the design of novel Si/C anodes for rechargeable batteries.

Key words: Silicon/carbon anodes, Lithium-ion batteries, Interfacial reaction, Carbon sources, Interface bonding