Moderately concentrated electrolyte enabling high-performance lithium metal batteries with a wide working temperature range

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2022.12.060

Abstract

Abstract: The electrolyte integrated with lithium metal anodes is subjected to the issues of interfacial compatibility and stability, which strongly influence the performances of high-energy lithium metal batteries. Here, we report a new electrolyte recipe viz. a moderately concentrated electrolyte comprising of 2.4 M lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in a cosolvent mixture of fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with relatively high ion conductivity. Owing to the preferential decomposition of LiFSI and FEC, an inorganic-rich interphase with abundant Li₂O and LiF nanocrystals is formed on lithium metal with improved robustness and ion transfer kinetics, enabling lithium plating/stripping with an extremely low overpotential of ~ 8 mV and the average CE of 97%. When tested in Li||LiFePO₄ cell, this electrolyte provides long-term cycling with a capacity retention of 98.3% after 1000 cycles at 1 C and an excellent rate performance of 20 C, as well as an areal capacity of 1.35 mA h cm^-2 at the cathode areal loading of 9 mg cm^-2. Moreover, the Li||LiFePO₄ cell exhibits excellent wide-temperature performances (-40 ~ 60 ℃), including long-term cycling stability over 2600 cycles without visible capacity fading at 0 ℃, as well as extremely high average CEs of 99.6% and 99.8% over 400 cycles under —20 ℃ and 45 ℃.

Key words: Moderately concentrated electrolyte, Wide temperature range, LiFePO₄ cathode, Lithium metal battery, Solid electrolyte interphase

Sisi Wang, Zhichen Xue, Fulu Chu, Zengqiang Guan, Jie Lei, Feixiang Wu. Moderately concentrated electrolyte enabling high-performance lithium metal batteries with a wide working temperature range[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2023, 79(4): 201-210.

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URL: https://www.jenergychem.com/EN/10.1016/j.jechem.2022.12.060

https://www.jenergychem.com/EN/Y2023/V79/I4/201

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