Bifunctional electrolyte regulation towards low-temperature and high-stability Zn-ion hybrid capacitor

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2023.01.025

Abstract

Abstract: Aqueous Zinc-based energy storage devices are considered as one of the potential candidates in future power technologies. Nevertheless, poor low temperature performance and uncontrollable Zn dendrite growth lead to the limited energy storage capability. Herein, an anti-hydrolysis, cold-resistant, econom-ical, safe, and environmentally friendly electrolyte is developed by utilizing water, ethylene glycol (EG), and ZnCl₂ with high ionic conductivity (7.9 mS cm^-1 in glass fiber membrane at 20 °C). The spectra data and DFT calculations show the competitive coordination of EG and Cl^- to induce a unique solvation con-figuration of Zn²⁺, conducive to effectively inhibiting the hydrolysis of Zn²⁺, suppressing the dendrite growth, and broadening the working voltage range and temperature range of ZnCl₂ electrolyte. The iso-tope tracing data confirm that Cl^- could effectively destroy the ZnO passivation film, promoting the for-mation of Zn nuclei and improving its reaction activity. Compared to the corresponding ZnSO₄ electrolyte, the Cu/Zn half-cell with the ZnCl₂ electrolyte exhibits a stable cycle life of more than 1600 h at 20 °C, even at the current density of 5 mA cm^-2. The assembled Zn-ion hybrid capacitor possesses an average capacity of 42.68 mA h g^-1 under —20 °C at a current density of 5 A g^-1, 3.5 times than that of the mod-ified ZnSO₄ electrolyte. Our work proposes a new approach for optimizing aqueous electrolytes to meet low temperature energy storage applications.

Key words: Hybrid electrolyte, Zn-ion capacitor, Anti-hydrolysis, Low temperature, Dendrite-free

Shuo Yang, Kui Xue, Haiyang Liao, Yuning Guo, Liujiang Zhou, Yongqi Zhang. Bifunctional electrolyte regulation towards low-temperature and high-stability Zn-ion hybrid capacitor[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2023, 79(4): 495-504.

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https://www.jenergychem.com/EN/Y2023/V79/I4/495

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